About 1 in 8 Americans aged 12 and older experience some form of hearing loss, according to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. Given how prevalent hearing loss is, many people wonder whether they’re affected and if a hearing aid might be necessary.
Signs You May Need a Hearing Aid
Ear Anatomy
To understand hearing loss, it’s helpful to know the ear’s basic structure, which consists of three primary parts: the outer, middle, and inner ear.
The outer ear: Comprises the visible part and the ear canal, which leads to the eardrum (tympanic membrane), a thin barrier separating the outer and middle ear. An outer ear infection can cause the canal to swell, leading to temporary hearing loss. Antibiotic ear drops usually resolve this, though oral antibiotics may be needed in severe cases.
The middle ear: Located behind the eardrum, the middle ear contains three small bones and is attached to the back of the nose by the eustachian tube, which helps with drainage and pressure regulation. Middle ear infections (otitis media) are typical, especially in young children, due to poor eustachian tube function, which can trap fluid, viruses, or bacteria. Viral infections often clear up on their own, while bacterial ones may need antibiotics. These infections can temporarily impair hearing and make speech difficult to understand.
The inner ear: Houses the cochlea, the organ responsible for hearing. Most permanent hearing loss originates here due to damage to delicate hair cells.
The Causes of Hearing Loss
Tiny hair cells in the cochlea vibrate in response to sound, sending signals via the auditory nerve to the brain, which decodes them as sound. Damage to these cells from loud noises, certain medications, aging, or genetic factors can cause permanent hearing loss, as these cells don’t regenerate.
When Is a Hearing Aid Necessary?
Any status of hearing loss can benefit from a hearing aid, but the decision is personal. A hearing aid may be worth considering if hearing loss impacts daily life, safety, or communication. For example, if you have hearing loss of 55–60 decibels (dB), you might end up missing some parts of the conversation, while even milder loss might make it hard to hear quiet speech or detect hazards like an approaching car.
Signs you might need a hearing aid include:
• Often asking people to repeat themselves.
• Struggling to understand conversations.
• Increasing TV and media volume more than before.
Hearing Loss Concerns
If you suspect hearing loss, start with an ENT (ear, nose, and throat) exam to rule out treatable causes, such as infections, which may resolve with antibiotics or, in some cases, surgery. If the issue is permanent, such as damaged cochlear hair cells, consult an audiologist. They can assess your hearing, determine the extent of loss, and recommend hearing aids tailored to your needs. Audiologists can also guide you on using and maintaining hearing aids, making adjustments as you acclimate to using them.